I-iqumrhu lolawulo inikeziwe yi-unobhala-jikelele OTIF
I-lezothutho ka-izinto ezinobungozi (TDG) zibe bamthwala yi-road, oololiwe, maritime, river okanye emoyeniOko ilawulwa yi-ngamazwe izivumelwano kodwa kanjalo ngumthetho wesizwe specificities leyo echazwe imigaqo. Uthutho yi-wegstreamer ayikho yinxalenye TMD ngaphakathi intsingiselo ezigunyazisiweyo zengxelo.
I-imisebenzi ye-zokhuseleko advisor ingaba kubalulekile
Nangona kunjalo, hazardous mathiriyali (hydrocarbons, kanti iimveliso.) ingaba kanjalo transported ngokuthi oku kuthetha. I-lezothutho ka-ezinobungozi izinto yi-ezindleleni quka iindlela road, oololiwe kunye river. Umyalelo amabini anesithoba meyi malunga nezithuthi ka-ezinobungozi izinto ngomhlaba ("umyalelo TMD") regulates enjalo lezothutho kwi-national territory. Yokugqibela ngu yithi rhoqo elungisiweyo njengoko ngenxa umsebenzi interministerial Ikhomishini kuba lezothutho ka-izinto ezinobungozi (CITMD). Oku ukuze yakhiwe amabini anesixhenxe izinto isicelo, ngaphandle kokuba izibonelelo ukuba ephikisana, zonke iindlela lezothutho ukhuselwe ummiselo kwaye annexes mna, II, III, kwaye IV njengoko zichaziwe ngezantsi: elandelwayo ukuba uncedo ikhona kwaye kuthiwa TRANSAID. Oko wenziwe njengoko kuchaziwe isivumelwano phakathi mveliso chemistry kwaye icandelo jikelele zasekuhlaleni yokhuseleko kwaye mbhodamo zolawulo (TSDMB). Oku iprotocol triggered kwimeko apho nokuxinga okanye iingozi ezingama-involving hazardous mathiriyali. I-interlocutors-mveliso yafumanisa kwaye referenced eletha zabo iinkalo zobuchule kunye okanye hire oluntu kwaye kukho izinto zokusebenza ukunceda firefighters ababelungiselela icandelo lomboniso le kunokwenzeka ingozi. Zonke ezi ezigunyazisiweyo zengxelo wagqitywa iyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi ye-umsebenzi - lezothutho ka-hazardous mathiriyali (MTMD) ngaphakathi kwicandelo lolawulo jikelele kuba umngcipheko zokuthintela (DGPR) belonging kubulungiseleli ka-ecological Transition kwaye solidarity (mtes coatings).
Ngamnye hazardous imathiriyali kukuba ethile eziyingozi. Ezahluka-hlukileyo iintlobo zezi: Aseyurophu, lezothutho ezindleleni ka-hazardous mathiriyali ilawulwa yi-european kwesi Sivumelwano malunga ngamazwe carriage ka-ezinobungozi izinto yi-ezindleleni waziwa njengo-ADR.
Ukubhalwa kwi amathathu ka-ngoseptemba, baza bangena umkhosi ngomhla wamashumi amabini-ninth kweyomqungu, wenziwe restructured njengoko ukusuka kwi- julayi.
I-ADR iqulathe ithoba iindawo eziya kuwela ezimbini appendices (uhlobo lwe- wezizwe ezimanyeneyo): Ngoku, ngenxa ezahlukeneyo izilungiso kuwo yi-tim yenza ezi zinto zilandelayo kwi lezothutho ka-izinto ezinobungozi (WP. elinesihlanu ye-EEC-UN), imihla inguqulelo ADR wenziwe ihlala isebenza ukusukela wo- kweyomqungu ngowama. Olandelayo inguqulelo ADR baya kuxhamla ezi zihlomelo ukuba WP.
elinesihlanu ye-UNECE kwi-inkqubo ngxoxo kwaye ziya kupapashwa kwi-ekuqalekeni konyaka.
amashumi amane anesithoba States kuba ratified i-ADR (yokugqibela ekubeni Igeorgia ngo-): Ihungary, Ijamani, Andorra, Austria, Iazerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, armenia, Ebulgaria, Ecroatia, Ecyprus, Edenmark, Spain, e-Estonia, owokuqala yugoslav republic of Makedoni, Efinland, France, Igeorgia, ijamani, Greece, Ehungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Ekazakhstan, Elatvia, ivory coast, Ilithuania, Luxembourg, Emalta, Macau, Romania, Igreece, England, enetherlands, Poland, Portugal, I-Czech republic, Romania, e-United kingdom, i-Russia, Saseserbia, Islovakia, puerto rico, spain, Sweden, Senegal, Tajikistan, Etunisia, e-Turkey, Ukraine. Ngokomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe oololiwe ezothutho, kubalulekile isihlomelo C Sivumelwano ngomhla lezothutho ngamazwe oololiwe (COTIF), ubizo Imimiselo malunga carriage ka-izinto ezinobungozi, wathi UID, apho usebenza ukususela kweyomqungu yowama.
Kubhaliwe phakathi kwezigaba zikarhulumente Ukulungiselela kuba ngamazwe carriage yi-oololiwe (OTIF), apho ifumaneka Berne kwi-Iswitzerland.
I-amacandelo karhulumente OTIF ngala: jikelele yowiso-mthetho, ikomiti yolawulo njengoko i-icandelo likarhulumente yolawulo kwaye ulawulo-mali, uphengululo ikhomishini, ikomiti yebhunga ingcaphephe kwi lezothutho ka-izinto ezinobungozi, ikomiti yebhunga enzima ingcaphephe kwaye oololiwe facilitation ikomiti.
amahlanu States ngokunjalo european Union ingaba amalungu COTIF (isimo januwari): Ihungary, e-algeria, andorra, Iarmenia, Austria, Iazerbaijan, Belgium, armenia, Ebulgaria, Ecroatia, Edenmark, Spain, e-Estonia, Efinland, France, Igeorgia, ijamani, Greece, Ehungary, E-iraq, Georgia, Ireland, Italy, Kweyordan (associate ilungu), Elatvia, Lebanon, ivory coast, Ilithuania, Luxembourg, owokuqala yugoslav republic of Makedoni, Macau, i-monaco, Igreece, England, Epakistan, enetherlands, Poland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Romania, e-United kingdom, i-Russia, Saseserbia, Islovakia, puerto rico, spain, Sweden, Senegal, Aram, Etunisia, e-Turkey, Ukraine.
I-inland waterway lezothutho Aseyurophu ilawulwa ngu-a umbhalo ngokuba ADN (european kwesi Sivumelwano malunga ngamazwe carriage ka-ezinobungozi izinto yi-inland waterways) zilungiswe yi-UNECE ebekwe kwi-Geneva kwi-Iswitzerland.
Le inye isivumelwano ithathe ascendancy phezu RDNA kwaye ADND ukuba abe sole regulation of river lezothutho kufanelekileyo Aseyurophu.
Isibini yangaphambili ngamazwe wagqitywa ekupheleni isicelo ingaba yalandelwa ileta kwi umsebenzi iimpawu i-river abachaphazelekayo: malunga RDNA, kubalulekile uphunyezwe yi-central Ikhomishini yokulingana ulawulo lomthetho Rhine (CCNR), ebekwe kwi Strasbourg (France) ukongeza, ADND ilungisiwe lisebe i-danube Ikhomishini (CD), apho ifumaneka Budapest (Hungary).
elinesixhenxe States kuba ratified i-DNA (isimo kweyomqungu yowama-): Germany, Austria, Ebulgaria, Ecroatia, isirashiya, France, ijamani, Ehungary, Luxembourg, enetherlands, Poland, Czech Republic, Republic of Libya, Romania, Saseserbia, Islovakia, Senegal, Ukraine.
Wonke umsebenzi apho kuquka ezibanzi zezothutho, iyapakisha, ukufaka, ukuzalisa izinto ezinobungozi kufuneka atyumbe umntu ukhuseleko unxibelelane nomcebisi kwezezimali othembekileyo: ngabo ukusabela i-ezigunyazisiweyo zengxelo yokuba zilawulwe ngamazwe malunga ukuqeshwa a ukhuseleko unxibelelane nomcebisi kwezezimali othembekileyo (jonga isahluko. zintathu ye-ADR, UID kwaye ADN) Ezi counsellors kufuneka abe isiqinisekiso ekhutshwe emva ngempumelelo ugqibo-mthetho yesizwe nakwiimviwo umbutho yi-interprofessional Ikomiti kuba uphuhliso uqeqesho kwi-lezothutho ka-izinto ezinobungozi (CIFMD).
Esi siqinisekiso ngu ekhutshwe kuba ubukhulu isithuba seminyaka emihlanu. Ibe ukuvuselelwa kuba elinye ithuba, ukuphunyezwa ukuba kwesigqibo ka-zokuhlaziya.
Uqeqesho lootitshala kuba ezi iimviwo, sokuqala okanye zokuhlaziya, asiyiyo ezifunekayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-sicelo unqwenela ukuqeqesha, uqeqesho organizations, icebisa ukuba lokuqala kovavanyo (ADR, NOKUKHUPHA, ADN) ngokunjalo yayo zokuhlaziya rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Umgqatswa unako get in touch ngqo ne-uthando lwabo oyikhethileyo. Isiqinisekiso zokhuseleko unxibelelane nomcebisi kwezezimali othembekileyo ufumana i-personal omnye. A ukhuseleko unxibelelane nomcebisi kwezezimali othembekileyo kusenokuba kwentloko inkampani, umntu othe wenza eminye imisebenzi kwi-inkampani okanye nkqu umntu hayi belonging ukuba yokugqibela, ngaphandle kokuba umntu ochaphazelekayo yiyo ngokwenene ukwazi ukuzalisekisa yayo imisebenzi i-unxibelelane nomcebisi kwezezimali othembekileyo. Kwi-France, nayiphi na lokucebisa kwi ukhuseleko ka-kwimo signatory ye-ADR, UID kwaye ADN unako senzo yakhe khondo lobungcali-mfundo lilonke kunye isiqinisekiso advisor ukuba extra-wesizwe.
Ingakumbi, naluphi ukhuseleko unxibelelane nomcebisi kwezezimali othembekileyo kufuneka zoba phezulu i-ingxelo yonyaka e kuyo kwentloko inkampani. Kubalulekile ekhankanywe isahluko soku zintathu ye-ADR, UID kwaye ADN, apho quantifies i imisebenzi inkampani kuwa phakathi ekhaya ka-competence ye-advisor.
Ingxelo yonyaka kufuneka kanjalo ziquka isishwankathelo yayo izahlulo ngokungqinelana nomgaqo-imisebenzi echazwe kwisahluko. zintathu ye-ADR, UID kwaye ADN, iziphakamiso made kuba ukuphuhlisa ukhuseleko ngokunjalo ngesishwankathelo neengozi ukuba kufuneka yenzekile. zintathu ka-inqaku ezintandathu, kwaye isihlomelo IV. ezine isihlomelo IV nommiselo we-TDG imigaqo sinika iingxelo esekwe kwi- kwekatshazimpuzi yowama, uluhlu lwezihloko kwaye uluhlu lophinda-phindo kufuneka yiba soloko consultant ke ingxelo.
Kuba neengozi involving i-lezothutho ka-ezinobungozi izinto ukhuseleko advisers babophelelekile yi-obligation ukuzoba phezulu i-kunokwenzeka ingozi ingxelo enikwa kwisahluko.
ezintandathu ye-ADR, UID kwaye ADN, ngamnye kuba yintoni yethutyana: abacebisi ka-iinkampani ukuba bamthwala ngaphandle imisebenzi ka-packaging, ukufaka, ukuzalisa okanye ezibanzi zezothutho. Le ngxelo kufuneka sikhatshwe a precise uhlalutyo lomgaqo-yenza kwaye iingcebiso ibhalwe ngu - advisor aimed e avoiding i-zokuhlaziya efanayo uhlobo neengozi. Le ngxelo ingaba ukulungele ukusebenzisa ishicilelwe Cerfa: khangela wangaphandle ikhonkco kwi incwadana kwi isibhengezo ka iziganeko i-lezothutho ka-hazardous mathiriyali akukho mlinganiselo kubulungiseleli ka-Ecology (DGPR). Ngokubhekiselele kwi-maritime ezothutho, France usebenza i-ezininzi izibonelelo-IMO, ngokunjalo Imimiselo kuba carriage nokuphatha ezinobungozi izinto ngendlela yolwandle lamazibuko, wathi RPM: lo isihlomelo ukuba ukulandelelana ishumi elinesibhozo ka julayi, njengoko ulungisiwe. I-RPM waba yokugqibela senziwa utshintsho nommiselo we-neu fdécembre ipapashwe kwi-OJ amabini anesithoba disemba. Zonke ezi uluhlu lwamagama ezigunyazisiweyo zengxelo iyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi ye-umsebenzi - lezothutho ka-hazardous mathiriyali (MTMD) ngaphakathi kwicandelo lolawulo jikelele kuba umngcipheko zokuthintela (DGPR) belonging kubulungiseleli ka-ecological Transition kwaye solidarity (mtes coatings). Imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe maritime lezothutho ingaba echazwe ngaphakathi ngamazwe maritime Umbutho (i-IMO) esekelwe kwi-London (Uk). Yamazwe ngamazwe maritime lezothutho ilawulwa ngendlela ethile yi-SOLAS (maritime ukhuseleko committee), kwaye MARPOL (ikomiti kuba umyalelo wokhuselo lomthetho olawula imeko-bume esingqongileyo).
