Oko akufanele ubhideke kunye ikhowudi ye-matyala umbutho
I-French-code of zasekuhlaleni umgaqo-nkqubo, ogama lakhe rhoqo ishunqulwe njengoko"CPC", i ikhowudi ukuba kuhlanganisa kunye imithetho zasekuhlaleni umgaqo-nkqubo isifrentshiNgexesha yokugqibela uya kufumanisa kunye iindidi iinkundla kwaye umbutho wabo kwaye yangaphakathi ukusebenza kakuhle, i-code of zasekuhlaleni umgaqo-nkqubo imisela imithetho kuba zasekuhlaleni umgaqo-nkqubo, oko kukuthi, ngendlela apho kwindawo yovavanyo, ukususela summons okanye isicelo, iimeko admissibility, yi-indlela nokuxinga ye-kwetyala, ixesha, kude kube nokuqheleka ulungiso (kuquka isibheno), okanye ihlale ngexesha elingelilo lokuhlala (cassation). Ngexesha zasekuhlaleni umgaqo-nkqubo ikhowudi governs zasekuhlaleni imicimbi, oko kukuthi, lawsuit phakathi abantu okanye phakathi abantu kwaye craftsmen okanye shopkeepers, ikhowudi, ulwaphulo-mthetho umgaqo-nkqubo ibeka phantsi imigaqo malunga ulwaphulo-mthetho uphando (esa kundoqo okanye fragrance), abachopheli-uphando, prosecution ka-offences, inkundla ukuva ilizwi, ulwaphulo-mthetho phambi kokuba amapolisa inkundla, yentilongo inkundla, assize inkundla, ulungiso, ukunyanzeliswa izivakalisi. I-code of zasekuhlaleni umgaqo-nkqubo relates kuphela-matyala iinkundla. Umgaqo-nkqubo phambi yolawulo imida (administrative abachopheli-matyala, yolawulo inkundla isibheno, ibhunga Likarhulumente) imiselwe lisebe i-code of administrative justice. Zasekuhlaleni umgaqo-nkqubo ngexesha Eliphakathi Iminyaka owamiselwa a conciliation phakathi ezahlukeneyo ngoko ngaphandle, nangona kunjalo, kuba kule: oweshumi elinesithandathu century kubonakala ngathi i-zasekuhlaleni umgaqo-nkqubo widespread kulo lonke ubukumkani, usebenzisa isifrentshi ulwimi kwi-matyala iingxoxo, kunye oral kwaye esibhaliweyo, uluntu kwaye non-afihlakeleyo: Elinesixhenxe century, phantsi Louis XIV, promulgation omkhulu ummiselo kwi zasekuhlaleni umgaqo-nkqubo, ngokuba"Ikhowudi Louis"okanye nkqu"zasekuhlaleni Ikhowudi": Wagqiba nge emva wagqitywa ka-ukuziqhelanisa, ukuba ukuze ubani governed zasekuhlaleni inkqubo ye- eminyaka, ukususela ukuba.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, phantsi isifrentshi Revolution, royal obabukho isetyenziswe de ummiselo amabini anesithathu ka-oktobha.
Lo wokugqibela, aqulathe kuphela ishumi elinesithathu amanqaku, nto leyo intended ukwenza umgaqo-nkqubo kuba sleek kwaye ngokukhawuleza, akazange practically owafumanayo. Oku umbhalo waba arhoxiswe ngomhla wesihlanu septemba (fructidor unyaka VIII). Wokuqala-code of zasekuhlaleni umgaqo-nkqubo,"napoleonic", wenziwe ungeniswa yi-act ka-weshumi elinesine lee-epreli, baza bangena umkhosi ngomhla woku- kujanuwari. Oku kuqala ikhowudi waba ikakhulu ibhalwe ngu lwabagwebi kwaye practitioners Ezindala Regime. Abaninzi criticisms zithe azisa ngokuchasene oku codification ka-zasekuhlaleni nkqubo.
I-Imeyile, kwi, seemed ukuba abe ikakhulu i-code of formalities, apho musa ziqulathe zonke izibonelelo ezinxulumene inkqubo.
Njalo, umzekelo, equlethwe akukho izibonelelo kwi-umbutho kwiinkundla. Ngoko ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nangona criticisms, Ikhowudi zihleli ngaphezu a century ngaphandle ekubeni retouched phambi ekubeni nenxaxheba a clip ukusuka kwi, ibe kulinywa nzulu remodelled phezu yobomi ezine decades. Ukususela, entsha ikhowudi wenziwe ungeniswa yi-eziliqela ibonisa decrees. i-anesihlanu kweyomnga ka, awathi wangena umkhosi ngojanuwari, wenziwe officially kuchaziwe, kude kube,"entsha"(omtsha-code of zasekuhlaleni umgaqo-nkqubo, okanye CNPC) njengenxalenye ubudala waba? ihlala isebenza. Njalo ezinye amanqaku baba kabini, ezifana icandelo ye-NCPC kwaye inqaku ka-owokuqala CPC. Izibonelelo? ihlala isebenza ezindala ikhowudi zithe progressively, indawo okanye arhoxiswe, kunye iinguqu ezibalulekileyo ngowe. Ekugqibeleni, inqaku amabini anesithandathu ka-act no amabini disemba kwi-simplification umthetho waba ngokuqinisekileyo arhoxiswe i-code of, kwaye wanika"entsha"ikhowudi, igosa igama code of zasekuhlaleni nkqubo.
