I-administrative tribunals zithe yadalwa ummiselo hayi
Kwi-France, i-administrative inkundla kukuba inkundla kuqala resort kwaye ngokufanayo umthetho yolawulo umyaleloInkqubo yolawulo kwiinkundla sele asserted yayo ukuzimela ngokunxulumene yolawulo ngexesha Nineteenth century kwaye siqulunqe meko umthetho (oko kukuthi, imithetho umthetho ezichazwe ngumthetho umgwebi) abachaphazelekayo ukuze echaza amalungelo abemi nge-nkosi lwenkonzo karhulumente.
Ngo isigqibo amashumi amabini uwaphinda-yesibini ka julayi,"umthetho ka-zoqinisekiso", ngokomgaqo-siseko Ibhunga sele lunxulumano ukuba ukuzimela ye-administrative kolawulo lwesixeko siyinxalenye kwalomgaqo-siseko nemithetho-siseko lunxulumano yi-imithetho Yeriphablikhi (PFRLR).
Kwi-france kwaye overseas amasebe, baya kulandela amabhunga ka-prefecture-zecandelo, ingakumbi ukuba khanyisa - ukufaka yebhunga Yombuso owaye ingabi nako ukuba siphathe disputes zingeniswe kuyo kwi-i-owamkelekileyo ixesha elimiselweyo. Eneneni, kude kube, Ibhunga Likarhulumente waba yenkundla ongabhalwanga phantsi of administrative litigation. Kwi-overseas territories, i-administrative iinkundla kufuneka zibuyiselwe thatha phakathi kwe- kwaye, amabhunga ye-administrative iingxoxo, egama indima waba no.
Ukususela ummiselo amabini anesithoba julayi, zemimandla ekudalweni yolawulo isigqeba somgaqo Montreuil, kukho ngoku amane-u-administrative tribunals, kuquka amashumi omnye kwi-metropolis kwaye elinanye overseas.
Kolawulo ngamnye kubo corresponds ngokubanzi kwi ngingqi okanye zoluntu overseas, kodwa abanye springs ingaba ngokulula composed elinye okanye amaninzi amacandelo. Baya ikholisa echongwe yijaji igama lesixeko apho baya zibekwe khona.
ka amathathu septemba, nto leyo ingene umkhosi ngowe
Lwabagwebi kwi-administrative iinkundla belong ukuba umzimba ziijaji of administrative iinkundla kwaye yolawulo iinkundla ka-isibheno. Kwahluka kuphela yindlela yolawulo inkundla Paris, nto leyo ibandakanya ishumi anesibhozo grouped kwi ezintandathu amacandelo.
I-administrative inkundla yindlela yolawulo inkundla kuqala isehlo.
Ngumsebenzi nokuqheleka inkundla yolawulo kwi-litigation, oku kuthetha ukuba bonke yolawulo disputes kuwa phantsi yayo kwimimandla ephantsi kolawulo lwesixeko, ngaphandle kokuba xa okhethekileyo ulungiselelo derogates le-siseko ngo assigning kolawulo lwesixeko kwenye inkundla. I administrative iinkundla ingaba linalo igunya kuba nayiphi na imbambano angeliso imisebenzi yolawulo karhulumente (State, territorial collectivities, uluntu engena kunye sezolawulo, njalo-njalo). Bamele kanjalo linalo igunya kuba yonke imiba enxulumene kamasipala kwaye cantonal konyulo. Oku kolawulo lwesixeko-siseko sele ezizodwa apho Urhulumente Ibhunga ngu linalo igunya kuzo kuqala kwaye yokugqibela resort. Oku kunjalo, umzekelo, nezibheno ngokuchasene ezigunyazisiweyo zengxelo izenzo ekhutshwe ngu-mphathiswa, kuba kwakhona idala ubunzima kwingqesho kwaye nengqeqesho ka-zasekuhlaleni izicaka wonyulwa yindlu nommiselo we-mongameli weriphabliki, okanye ngokuchasene iintshukumo athathwa yi-ezithile elizimeleyo yolawulo abasemagunyeni.
Kanjalo wenze ngaphandle kwabafundi disputes apho yolawulo iinkundla ka-isibheno kufuneka kolawulo lwesixeko lokuqala isehlo.
Ngaphandle kokuba kanjalo iimeko apho specialized yolawulo iinkundla baba aware, ingakumbi kwi kwiindawo litigation, zoluleko (superior Kwequmrhu magistracy kuhlangatyezwana nazo kwi - Xa ibhodi lwabagwebi, xa nenkululeko amabhunga.), loluntu, imicimbi (national Inkundla i-pricing impilo kunye namaqonga umsebenzi, iinkundla, pensions.), i-aliens litigation (ngokukodwa wesizwe Inkundla asylum), i-mali litigation (Inkundla abaphicothi-zincwadi, jonga Kwegumbi lwee-akhawunti.). I-administrative iinkundla kusenokuba abonisana yi-prefects kwi-a, umthetho, ezikhokelela iingxaki. Kanjalo ngowethu i-administrative isigqeba ukuba atyumbe amalungu, investigators okanye kwiikomiti inquiry kwi-wonke inquiry. Baye kanjalo argued ngokunxulumene igunya lomgaqo-advocate isetyenziswe kuba yi-barhafi ka-wobulali abasemagunyeni wishing bathethe kwi-i-intshukumo enforce amalungelo zoluntu. I-administrative iinkundla uya kukhupha judgements eyenziwe a kwegumbi kwi college lemfundo, oko kukuthi, ngo ezintathu lwabagwebi, kubandakanywa-sihlalo ezimbini advisers-rapporteurs. Ukusombulula imiba ukuba oko uqwalasela ukuba ibe ibaluleke kakhulu, okanye end a njl phakathi ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu amagumbi, inkundla ingayalela in exceptional iimeko umthetho kwi ukumiselwa kwebandla chambers zidibene, okanye kuhlangana kwi-plenary ukumiselwa kwebandla. Nangona kunjalo, oku umthetho ngu fittings Ibe adjudicated nge enye umgwebi, wathi"enye umgwebi", kuba disputes engaphantsi ko-ukubaluleka, kuba abo asingawo neenkqubo zomthetho iingxaki, okanye kuba abo efuna ekhawulezayo isihlalo (isishwankathelo iingxoxo, litigation ka-deportation). Ezi ezahlukeneyo iimeko ichaziwe yi-ezigunyazisiweyo zengxelo igunya.
I-disputes ukuba unako axoxe yi-ijaji ehleli yedwa ingaba oku kulandelayo kwaye ingaba kuxeliwe kwi-code of administrative justice: linalo igunya umgwebi ngumongameli wobubingeleli yolawulo abachopheli-matyala okanye umantyi uya amisele ukuba oku end.
Disputes kwi-engqindilili asoloko sigwetywe kwi kuqala kwaye yokugqibela resort.
Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko unxulumano kunye imbambano phantsi kwalo isibheno, ezinye ezi zigqibo zibe nomcimbi ka-isibheno. I-administrative iinkundla kusenokuba seized kuba isenzo ezantsi (ixesha umgwebo i-elide) okanye kwi-kaxakeka kwi-sikhokelo somgaqo-kwesishwankathelo proceeding. Ukusetyenziswa a lawyer okanye lawyer kuba Ingcebiso ngamanye amaxesha inkqubo esisinyanzelo (aph. R- kwaye R- CJA), ngaphandle kokuba kuba Urhulumente (inqaku R- CJA).
Kuyenzeka ukuba ufumane isemthethweni aid, ngokulawulwa iimeko zokusebenza.
Ngexesha kwento nomgaqo-i-administrative inkundla phambi wo- oktobha free, kwaba inkqubo esisinyanzelo ukuba affix ingeniso stamp amathathu anesihlanu nakweliphi na uxwebhu lwezikhalazo de amashumi yokuqala ka disemba iqukiwe.
Pursuant ukuba zidibene izibonelelo inqaku umthetho n°- amabini anesithoba kweyomnga yowama, bephethe iimali umthetho kuba ngowama, inqaku isibhozo yomiselo - amabini anesithoba kweyomnga yowama, le igalelo isemthethweni aid, kumiselweyo ngumthetho izibonelelo inqaku bis Q yokuziphatha jikelele irhafu, sele disappeared njengoko- kweyomqungu yowama.
Kwimeko apho ilahleko ye-linge, umntu ochaphazelekayo zibe banyanzeleka ukuba ahlawule yinxalenye iindleko i-opposing iqela (inqaku L- CJA).
Kwimeko-gadalala, abe sentenced ukuba kulungile kutsho kwi. Jikelele, isenzo kuba annulment okanye isenzo kuba umonakalo othe unako kuphela kuqhubeka ukuba igunya ithathe a phambi isigqibo, explicit okanye naziphina iziqinisekiso eziqukiweyo (cwaka ezimbini iinyanga ngokubhekiselele isicelo). Kwezinye iimeko, esa kundoqo yolawulo isibheno linegunya phambi isibheno phambi kokuba inkundla yolawulo. Kuba sebenzisa ezantsi (recourse kuba eninzi amandla kwaye epheleleyo ichiza iintshukumo), i-nkqubo essentially ebhaliweyo. Kuba isishwankathelo iingxoxo, i-administrative iinkundla ingathi ibizele amaqela e a kwetyala, okanye ukwenza zabo ii-odolo emva ekubeni kuthathelwe qaphela le-zimvo ngokubhaliweyo. I-deadline ukuba ufake oku abachopheli-matyala, ngokulawulwa ezizodwa, zimbini zidlulileyo emva kokuba isaziso ye i-administrative isigqibo. Izigwebo ye-administrative iinkundla ingaba phantsi kwalo isibheno, baziswe ngendlela isibheno phambi yolawulo inkundla isibheno. Nangona kunjalo, yonyulo disputes, omnye chambers kwaye ezimbalwa abanye, ingaba wahlaziya kuzo isibheno Libhunga Yombuso.
