A cassation isibheno (okanye isibheno kwi-cassation, okanye isibheno), Ifransi, i-ihlale ngexesha elingelilo lokuhlala isibheno baziswa phambi Inkundla cassation kuba matyala iinkundla) okanye phambi Kwequmrhu Likarhulumente (administrative iinkundla), ngokuchasene inkundla isigqibo rendered yokugqibela entlakohlazaOku ichiza iyafumaneka ukuba amaqela ukuba proceeding ukulandela isihlalo rendered kwi isibheno, okanye emva kokuba isigwebo ka-lokuqala isehlo ayikho phantsi kwalo isibheno. Le ayiyo wesithathu iqondo ophantsi kolawulo ukuba kwenzeka emva umnxeba xa kuyenzeka, njengoko inkundla cassation akusebenzi-kwakhona gwebani ityala. Oko kuphela iqinisekisa ukuhambelana imithetho umgaqo-nkqubo kwaye echanekileyo isicelo umthetho ngomoya yovavanyo lwabagwebi. Isihlalo okanye isihlalo ayikho iyaguquka (okanye alaphukanga) ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wenziwe irrégulièreou imithetho umthetho poorly isetyenzisiwe. I-bukho le ichiza yi"kwalomgaqo-siseko isiqinisekiso apho, phantsi inqaku amashumi amathathu anesine-Siseko, akhoyo kuphela umthetho echazwe imigaqo."Inkundla cassation akusebenzi umgwebi kwi ifomu kwaye ekunene (impazamo neenkqubo zomthetho yokutolika, impazamo ka-nkqubo.) kwaye ingabi substantive determination ka-guilt, uvavanyo isixa-mali i-injury umzekelo). Kubulungiseleli a lawyer Urhulumente Ibhunga kwaye cassation Inkundla (eyaziwa njenge -"lawyer ke Ingcebiso") compulsory, ngaphandle kokuba kwi-mthetho kwaye ezinye kakhulu rare ezizodwa. Inqaku ka-zasekuhlaleni umgaqo-nkqubo ikhowudi (CPC) ichaza ukuba isibheno kwi-cassation babe kwenziwe kuphela ngokuchasene isihlalo kunikwa yokugqibela isehlo (izigwebo litigation kwaye inobabalo, wavuma, inqanawe). Kwimeko apho nawuphi na isibheno ngu asivunywanga ngumthetho, isibheno kwi-cassation ihlala kangangoko kunokwenzeka apho i-eninzi amandla wenziwe inikele nge-umgwebi okanye xa kukho nayiphi na infringement wamalungelo yokhuselo. I-isibheno ngu inadmissible ukuba isigqibo ngu netyala ukuba isibheno okanye ukuba ixesha umda iphelelwe lixesha, isigqibo ekubeni zokugqibela kwaye acquired i umkhosi ka-res judicata. Akunamsebenzi abancinane ukuba izigqibo zithe iyatshintsha-tshintsa okanye eyenziwe default. Kuyenzeka ukwenza isibheno ngokuchasene isihlalo ngokungagqibekanga ngexesha ukuba ixesha kuba kuchaswa iphelelwe lixesha. Ingathatha dibanisa ukuya isibheno, njengoko ichiza ka-uphengululo Isihlalo kufuneka yokugqibela resort ngaphandle kokuba embalwa iimeko: elo candelo kwi conflicting judgements, okanye xa kwabakho isibheno kwi-inzala umthetho, okanye kuba eninzi amandla kwaziswa yi-lamagqwetha jikelele ngomhla Inkundla cassation (bona ngezantsi). Inqaku ye-CPC ikhankanya ukuba nawuphi na umntu othe yenzala ngu admissible kule isibheno. Kuya kufuneka ukuba zithe iqela kwi proceeding ukuba rendered isihlalo yahlasela, kuba nako. Iqela babe ngoku kuzaliswa, nkqu ukuba ulungiselelo isihlalo nto adverse akusebenzi inzuzo yakhe umchasi.
Kubalulekile i-extension lama- ye-CPC ukuba, kuba litigation, ucela ukuba isibheno ngu admissible nkqu apho isigwebo waba pronounced kwi-idolo okanye ngokuchasene umntu owaye iqela le proceeding.
Ezi wagqitywa ke yenza iqela ilungisiwe ukuba uhlawule zasekuhlaleni esangezelelweyo ka-matyala kovavanyo ngenxa yoko xa le nkqubo ebaluleke luncedo umntu wesithathu, Urhulumente. Le meko-mthetho wala ngaphambili fault ka-defendant Inqaku ye-CPC uchaza ukuba admissibility ye-isibheno ngu-phantsi imithetho isibheno, ngexesha okuchaza ukuziphatha, ukuba ngaba isibheno ngu admissible nawuphi na isiganeko, isibheno kufuneka kufakwa kwisithuba seminyaka emibini iinyanga lunxulumano i-defendant kwifayili yakhe yokhuselo.
Inkundla ka-cassation lwenziwa kuba umqathango wama-ngumthetho we-matyala umyalelo.
I-banyanzeleka la manyathelo okungenelela a wesithathu ubonakala kunzima kwaye zilahliwe.
Kuphela kungokuzithandela la manyathelo okungenelela njengoko accessory ngu kunokwenzeka, kodwa oko kufuneka ilungelelaniswe yi-exceptional iimeko. I-isibheno uluntu prosecutor ayikho ordinarily admissible ukuba wenziwe ukuba inxalenye ngaphambili, kodwa kukho iimeko ezimbini apho umthetho osebenzayo ukuvumela kuqoqoqsho izinto ezichaphazela uluntu kubulungiseleli kuzaliswa nokuba umgangatho umdlalo: unobumba i-isibheno kwi-inzala umthetho kwaye ukuba isibheno kuba eninzi ngamandla. Ukuze ngokubhekiselele kunye nokuzalisekisa umthetho-siseko umthetho, lamagqwetha jikelele nokuzisa isibheno ngokuchasene naziphi na isigqibo ukuba avume zithe yahlasela ngexesha elifanelekileyo yi-amaqela. I-imbono ukuba benze ngokunjalo ukumisa isemthethweni uncertainty kwaye loluntu disruption ukuba ayikwazi ngenxa ukususela komthetho yinkundla, umthetho. Oku avoids kunjalo umthetho lowo iyatshintsha-tshintsa okanye ephikisana umthetho. Kuba olu hlobo isibheno, prosecutor ayina ixesha umda, kodwa ke unako kuphela asebenzise ngayo emva kokuba liphele ixesha zamaqela. Ngumsebenzi plenary yowiso-mthetho Inkundla ebizwa ngokuba phezu kulawula kwi ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho ye-isisombululo inkqubo esemthethweni ekunene, kodwa kuphela kwi-inzala umthetho kwaye, ke ngoko, ngaphandle kuyo okanye ukusebenza kuba lokuqala iindawo imbambano.
Kwimeko eninzi amandla, prosecutor uza umthetho kuphela ngomhla ukuze zokulungiselela kobulungisa (i-act ka-nkqubo, efana isihlalo kusenokuba i-eninzi amandla, oko kukuthi, i-encroachment ye-matyala amandla kwi oluphezulu).
Ngokubanzi, ixesha umda kuba lodging isibheno kwi-cassation ingaba kwiinyanga ezimbini ezidlulileyo ukususela ngomhla iinkonzo isibheno isigqibo. Kunokwenzeka emfutshane: ngokomthetho konyulo, ufumana ishumi imihla. I-isibheno akusebenzi nqumamisa izigqibo ubulungisa ngaphambi koko, kodwa, kwimeko apho cassation, zama kwakhona kwetyala. Ukususela incopho ka-okubonakalayo iingxoxo, isibheno kwi-cassation ngu sifakwe sisigqeba a esibhaliweyo senziwe isibhengezo ukuba umntu (okanye ummeli wakhe, kunye namandla lamagqwetha ngendlela ekhethekileyo idilesi ye-e-registry ye-Inkundla cassation. Olu ncedo a lawyer ukuba Amabhunga (barrister Wenkundla ka-cassation) inkqubo esisinyanzelo, ngaphandle yonyulo imicimbi. Kumele ibe wagxininisa ukuba oku uncedo ngu compulsory kuyo imiba yokhuseleko lwezentlalo, zemfundo uncedo, excessive ityala, expropriation, kwaye basebenze umthetho (ukususela ummiselo n°- amabini agasti). I-isibheno kwi-cassation kuphela vula ukuba ephikisana izigqibo"izigwebo ulawulo rendered kwi-yokugqibela resort", ngokunxulumene inqaku L- ikhowudi ye-matyala umbutho. I-code of wolwaphulo-nkqubo ikhankanya ukuba izigqibo ezithile akavumelekanga ukuba abe phantsi na recourse, kule meko, isibheno kwi-cassation ngu kunokwenzeka kuphela kwimeko dexcès ukwazi ukuba isibheno kwi-cassation ngu sifakwe sisigqeba uluntu kubulungiseleli okanye umntu lowo ngumsebenzi wenza grievance. Kwi-mthetho imicimbi, ixesha umda kuba lodging a cassation isibheno zenza isihlanu imihla ukususela mhla ukulandela pronouncement lomthetho isigqibo. (Oku libazisa ka-kwiintsuku ezintlanu akavumelekanga ukuba begin ukuqhuba ukusuka isaziso ye-isigwebo ngokuchasene abantu absent ukususela okanye hayi represented, okanye ukusuka isiphelo ixesha umda ngenxa yeqela eliphikisayo.) Ngokubhekiselele kwi-wonke kubulungiseleli, ixesha umda kuba filing isibheno ufumana ishumi imihla ukususela ngomhla inkonzo. Nangona kunjalo, prosecutor jikelele ngomhla Inkundla cassation babe ifayile isibheno kwi-inzala umthetho, emva kokuphela kwethuba ukuba ixesha (aph. I-isibheno kwi-cassation iya kufakwa kunye umabhalane wenkundla ukuba sele rendered i-contested isigqibo okanye kwentloko penitentiary ukusekwa apho umfaki-sicelo kuba cassation isibheno usesinye yabanjwa.
Olu ncedo a lawyer ayikho compulsory kwi-mthetho imicimbi ukuba omnye lowo wenziwe convicted.
Amanye amaqela ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho iingxoxo ingaba exempted ukususela lawyer ukuba amabhunga xa bathe zabo kuthetha ka-cassation kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi imihla.
I-isibheno kwi-cassation phambi Kwequmrhu Likarhulumente ivulekile ukuba amaqela ngokuchasene nayiphi na inkundla isigqibo rendered yokugqibela entlakohlaza nge-i-administrative abachopheli-matyala, i-administrative inkundla isibheno okanye eyodwa yolawulo kwimimandla ephantsi kolawulo lwesixeko. Ixesha, kwiziganeko eziliqela, zimbini zidlulileyo ukususela isaziso lomthetho isigqibo ubulungisa ukuba umfaki-sicelo unqwenela ukuba mngeni. Umhla arrival yesicelo kwi-registry yebhunga Yombuso kuphela kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwi-ukubalwa ngeli xesha. Olu ncedo a lawyer Urhulumente Ibhunga kwaye Inkundla cassation isehlo linegunya, ngaphandle ezimbini iimeko: pleas kwi-mthetho wavusa phambi kokuba Inkundla cassation kufuneka iindlela umthetho kwaye hayi ka-fact. Ezi iindlela kufuneka sele zikho wavusa phambi yovavanyo umgwebi abantliziyo isigqibo usesinye appealed, ngaphandle kokuba oko kuthetha ka-nyulu umthetho okanye uluntu ukuze, ngoko ke invocables nangaliphi na ixesha, okanye kuthethwa kuzalwa i-impugned isigqibo ngokwayo. Ukuba yovavanyo umgwebi ngu sovereign mayela uvavanyo iinyaniso ref.
kuyimfuneko, Inkundla cassation njengoko Ibhunga Imeko inokuba uqinisekise isemthethweni qualification ezi efanayo iinyaniso.
Ukuba Inkundla cassation overturned isigqibo a inkundla, ngokubanzi ibhekisa meko ukuba inkundla engelilo inkundla ukuba rendered isigqibo, kodwa enye indalo (umzekelo, enye inkundla isibheno okanye enye inkundla kuqala isehlo). Unikezelo akusebenzi ngenxa kwi-kwento nomgaqo-ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-esikhethiweyo inkundla, apho kufuneka bangenele yi-amaqela ngaphakathi seminyaka emine iinyanga ukulandela isaziso ka-isihlalo owenza kuyo. Kwi minority ka iimeko, Inkundla cassation quashes i-contested isigqibo ngaphandle referring kunjalo kwenye inkundla, ngenxa yokuba inkundla cassation pronounced, akuthethi ukuba kubalulekile kwakhona ruled kwi merits kwetyala, mhlawumbi ngenxa iinyaniso, njengoko baya kuba sele highly lunxulumano kwaye appreciated yi-yovavanyo lwabagwebi, vumela kuye ukuba ngqo isicelo umthetho umthetho ofanelekileyo (Inqaku - yokuziphatha ka-matyala organisation). Le ndlela kuphela iifayile efanayo kwindawo yolawulo kwiinkundla zamatyala. Xa Ibhunga Likarhulumente ungenako ukutshitshiswa isigqibo okanye a isihlalo lokugqibela resort, sibe jonga ityala phambi kokuba inkundla enye indalo njengoko oko athe ubani irhoxisiwe isigqibo, kodwa ke unako kanjalo, kuba elungileyo yolawulo lobulungisa, umgwebi kuye isezantsi (lento yintoni yena ingaba uninzi rhoqo emva cassation).
