Treaty ka-Rapallo

I-treaty ka-Rapallo utyikitywe kwi oweshumi elinesithandathu umhla ka-aprili kuba Weimar Sasejamani kwaye USSR kwi-umda we-izivumelwano ka-genoacity in italyOku treaty ivumela omabini amaqela ukuba aphule isolation apho ngabo ngokulawulwa emva Lokuqala Imfazwe yehlabathi kwaye bolshevik revolution. Kubalulekile negotiated yi-Walther Rathenau kwaye Eyadlulayo von Maltzan (de), isijamani icala, kwaye yi-Christian Rakovski kwaye Adolf Joffé, soviet icala. Ngeli treaty, Egermany kwaye USSR kuncama imfazwe reparations okokuba baya kuba ngumthwalo omnye komnye kwaye kwakhona-ukuseka diplomatic norhwebo ubudlelwane phakathi (lokulingana kakhulu-favoured-isizwe). Kanjalo ubeka endaweni a sentsebenziswano military afihlakeleyo, apho wayeza yokugqibela de kunye camps uqeqesho isijamani secrets ukuba USSR, kuquka isikolo a obulalayo igesi kwi-Saratov, i-aviation esikolweni kufutshane Lipetsk kwaye i-centre for research noqeqesho emvula kwi-Kazan. I-isijamani urhulumente, bemelwe Walther Rathenau, umphathiswa Urhulumente, kwaye Karhulumente federative socialist Republic of soviet Russia, bemelwe Umnu Tchitcherine, abantu ke commissar, kuba wavuma phezu zilandelayo izibonelelo.

Isibini oorhulumente kuba wavuma ukuba izivumelwano phakathi isijamani Reich kwaye Union of soviet socialist republics, mayela imibuzo dating ukususela ixesha imfazwe phakathi kwe-Germany ne-Russia, uya kuba ngokuqinisekileyo ube sowuzinzile kwi zilandelayo qho: isijamani Reich kwaye Union of soviet socialist republics mutually uyavuma ukuba waive zabo amabango ukuhlawulwa inkcitho ezithe ngenxa imfazwe, kwaye kanjalo kuba imfazwe umonakalo othe, oko kukuthi, zonke umonakalo ukuba zazinokuba intlungu ngabo kwaye yi-babo abavela kumazwe angaphandle kwi-imfazwe lendawo ngenxa military amanyathelo, kuquka zonke requisitions kwi-utshaba lizwe.

Isibini amaqela kanjalo uyavuma ukuba waive ukuhlawulwa zasekuhlaleni umonakalo othe, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba zithe intlungu yi-abavela kumazwe angaphandle omnye Umntu kwi-akhawunti ka-ebizwa-exceptional amanyathelo zemfazwe, okanye i-akhawunti ka-kaxakeka amanyathelo bamthwala ngaphandle ngomoya omnye umntu. B - isemthethweni ubudlelwane phakathi kwi-namashishini abucala imicimbi arising ngaphandle kwimo imfazwe, kuquka lo mba i-unyango ka-merchant iinqanawa, athe wawa kwi-ezandleni iqela, kufuneka ube sowuzinzile qho qho ngonyaka ka-reciprocity. M Sasejamani ne-Russia uyavuma ukuba waive zabo amabango kuba imbuyekezo kuba inkcitho esingene kuzo iqela ngalinye kwi-idolo ka-amabanjwa emfazwe. Ukongeza, isijamani urhulumente agrees ukuba waive i-yomvuzo ngokubhekiselele inkcitho esingene kuzo oko egameni amalungu red Umkhosi interned kwi-Germany. I-Russian Urhulumente agrees ukuba waive i-restitution ye-proceeds ye-ziyathengiswa kwi-Germany ka-umkhosi ndithenge kwiivenkile ezikwi-azisa kwi-Germany yi-interned amalungu red Umkhosi kukhankanywe ngasentla. Sasejamani waives onke amabango ngokuchasene Uk apho babe kunyuka nge-aplikeshini, phezulu ukuya ngoku, imithetho amanyathelo ye-Russian soviet federative socialist Republic ukuba isijamani abavela kumazwe angaphandle okanye zabo zabucala amalungelo neemfanelo le isijamani Reich kwaye States, kwaye kanjalo ukuba izicelo ukuba zazinokuba bazalwa kunye onke amanye amanyathelo athathwa yi-federal Kwiriphabliki soviet socialist ka-Russia okanye nge-zabo agents ngokuchasene isijamani abavela kumazwe angaphandle okanye amalungelo abucala, kwi imeko ukuba urhulumente we-soviet Russia, i-socialist federal Kwiriphabliki akusebenzi yanelisa amabango kuba imbuyekezo yabasebenzi efanayo indalo eyenziwe na wesithathu.

Ubudlelwane phakathi diplomatic kwaye consular phakathi isijamani Reich kwaye federal Kwiriphabliki soviet socialist ka-Russia, kufuneka sithathwe ngoko nangoko.

Iimeko of admission ka-consuls ka-omabini amaqela aya kubonelelwa yi-kuthetha ka-okhethekileyo sivumelwano. Isibini oorhulumente kuba ezinye livumile ukuba ekudalweni isemthethweni ubume abavela kumazwe angaphandle omnye umntu, apho uhlala kwi territory lomnye umntu, kwaye jikelele regulation of mutual ubudlelwane phakathi, urhwebo kunye nezoqoqosho, kufuneka kwenziwa ngomhla we-siseko kakhulu favoured isizwe. Esi-siseko, nangona kunjalo, akusebenzi ukuba amalungelo akhethekileyo kunye namaziko apho federal Kwiriphabliki soviet socialist ka-Russia babe yesibonelelo a soviet Kwiriphabliki, okanye nayiphi na Imeko apho kwixesha elidlulileyo wenziwe ukuba yinxalenye yangaphambili Russian Empire. Isibini oorhulumente uya cooperate kwi-moya okulungileyo mutual ukukuthakazelela ukuhlangabezana kwezoqoqosho iimfuno kunye amazwe. Kwimeko a umqathango wama-kwalomgaqo-siseko engentla apha umbuzo kwi-i-ngamazwe qho ngonyaka, exchange ka-izimvo kufuneka kuqala kuqhubeka phakathi ezimbini Oorhulumente. I-isijamani urhulumente, emva xa ebe kutshanje ezifanelekileyo yomthetho ocetywayo izivumelwano nge private iinkampani, uthi yena lilungile ukunika bonke kunokwenzeka inkxaso ezi izibonelelo kwaye facilitating zabo ngokungena umkhosi. Amanqaku a b kwaye abane langoku kwesi Sivumelwano uya kungena umkhosi ngomhla we-ukwamkelwa, kwaye eseleyo izibonelelo iya kuza kuyo umkhosi ngoko nangoko. I-plenipotentiary ye-isijamani urhulumente, umzekelo Freiherr von Maltzan, osisigxina phantsi-unobhala kuba langaphandle imicimbi, plenipotentiary lomthetho i-ukrainian soviet socialist Republic, umzekelo, Umnu Waldemar Außem, ilungu le-central oluphezulu Ikomiti kuba bonke Ukraine, kananjalo plenipotentiary urhulumente we-byelorussian soviet socialist Republic, soviet socialist Republic of Igeorgia, soviet socialist Republic of Iazerbaijan, Soviet socialist republic of Iarmenia, kwaye Republic of the ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Empumalanga, umzekelo Umnu Nikolaus Krestinski, plenipotentiary kwaye unozakuzaku ye-Russian soviet socialist Republic-Berlin, emva ekubeni communicated yabo epheleleyo amagunya, kufunyenwe elungileyo kwaye ngenxa, ndavuma phezu zilandelayo izibonelelo: treaty esayiniweyo e Rapallo, kwi oweshumi elinesithandathu umhla ka-aprili, phakathi isijamani Reich kwaye Union of soviet socialist republics iya kusebenza, mutatis mutandis, ubudlelwane phakathi phakathi isijamani Reich, kwesinye isandla, kwaye i-ukrainian soviet socialist Republic kwi-soviet socialist Republic of Us mhlophe, soviet socialist Republic of Igeorgia ye-soviet socialist Republic of Iazerbaijan, soviet socialist Republic of Iarmenia, kwaye Republic of the ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Empumalanga, hereinafter ekubhekiswe kuye njengoko allied States of the USSR - kwesinye isandla. Njengokuba kude kube ngoku, njengoko inqaku ababini i-treaty ka-Rapallo, ukuba kufuneka sibe semthethweni kuba i-app ezantsi e-ishumi elinesithandathu Kutshazimpunzi wama, imithetho manyathelo ekhankanyiweyo. I-isijamani urhulumente kwaye Urhulumente we-soviet socialist Republic of the Ukraine ndavuma ukuba determination kwaye lonke ityala lesi yokwenza amabango njengoko usenokuba arisen kwi-idolo nokuba i-isijamani urhulumente okanye karhulumente Ukraine ukususela elokugqibela ka-imo imfazwe phakathi kwe-Germany kwaye Kwakhona, ngexesha ngokwe xesha ngexesha apho isijamani troops ke kaloku kwi Kwakhona, kufuneka booked. Bonke abavela kumazwe angaphandle a ukukhupha iqela resident emmandleni lomnye umntu uya kuxhamla epheleleyo isemthethweni ukhuseleko lwabo abantu luthobela yamazwe ngamazwe umthetho jikelele imithetho yelizwe ye yokuhlala. Abavela kumazwe angaphandle ye-isijamani Reich, abo safika kwi territory ye-States allied ukuba USSR kwi ukuthobela imimiselo kwi passports, okanye abakhoyo ngoku resident, iya kunikelwa ngokubhekiselele i-inviolability yonke ipropati ithathwe kunye nabo kwaye yonke ipropati acquired kwi territory ye-States allied ukuba USSR, ngaphandle kokuba acquisition emisebenzi kweli ipropati le ukuhambelana nemithetho Imo yokuhlala okanye kwindawo ethile izivumelwano ndagqiba kunye linalo igunya abasemagunyeni ukuba Urhulumente. Kumazwe angaphandle ukuthengwa kwempahla Kwisteyti allied ukuba USSR, baya, ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe kuba ezikhethekileyo izivumelwano, kuba governed yi-nemithetho nemiqathango Yombuso allied ukuba USSR. I-Oorhulumente ye-States allied ukuba USSR linelungelo ukuseka, kwi iindawo kwi-Germany apho bathe diplomatic abameli okanye omnye wabo consular agents, ii-ofisi yesizwe amashishini abo bathe efanayo isemthethweni isimo njengoko abarhwebayo kwigqiza labathunywa ye-Russian kwi-Germany. Kule meko, baya kufuneka aqonde njengoko ezibophelelayo kwabo bonke isemthethweni izenzo ezenziwe yi-mlawuli zabo ibhodi wezorhwebo okanye yi-amagosa invested nguye ingxelo epheleleyo amagunya, ngaphandle kokuba baya umthetho sivumelana kunye noxanduva soyilo olupheleleyo amagunya eziya wanika kubo. Ukuze kuphunyezwe kwezoqoqosho ubudlelwane phakathi phakathi isijamani Reich kwesinye isandla, kwaye States allied ukuba USSR, kwesinye isandla, nqobo zilandelayo zithe wabeka phantsi: Zonke izivumelwano ndagqiba phakathi abavela kumazwe angaphandle ye-isijamani Reich, isemthethweni abantu, okanye isijamani firms kwesinye isandla, oorhulumente ye-States allied ukuba USSR, okanye kwii-ofisi zabo, wesizwe ishishini ekhankanywe inqaku, okanye abantu, ngokusemthethweni okanye iinkampani belonging kwabo States, kwesinye isandla, kananjalo kwezoqoqosho iziphumo ezi izivumelwano, kufuneka wamanzi acociweyo ngokunxulumene nemithetho Imeko apho baya zithe ndagqiba kwaye ingaba phantsi kolawulo ukuze Urhulumente. Ukuziswa akusebenzi ukuba izivumelwano ebezigcinwe ndagqiba phambi ngokungena umkhosi lo treaty. I-izivumelwano zidweliswe ngezantsi babe ziqulathe ingxelo arbitration lokulingana Amalungiselelo unako kanjalo kwenziwa kwi-enjalo izivumelwano ukuzisa kubo phantsi kolawulo elinye iqumrhu States. I-allies ye-States kunye USSR kufuneka kuvumela abantu abo possessed isijamani nationality kodwa kuba ukususela ezilahlekileyo, kananjalo abafazi babo nabantwana babo, ukuba emke kweli lizwe, ngaphandle kokuba ubungqina asikuko ukuba ngabo, unikezelo yabo yokuhlala kwi-Germany.

I-delegations ezimbini amaqela, kwaye bonke abantu uqeshiwe kufuneka ukuziphatha ngendlela evela na agitation okanye propaganda ngokuchasene zikarhulumente wesizwe amaziko lizwe apho baya neplanethi abahlala kuyo.

Imizamo treaty unakho, ngokubhekiselele ingentla izinto ezintathu, kwaye kanjalo njengokuba malunga ehambelanayo kwemichiza inqaku abane - treaty ka-Rapallo, kuba denounced kwi iinyanga ezintathu isaziso sinikwe. I-denunciation babe kwaziswa yi-Germany ukuba allies ye-States kunye USSR ukuthatha ukusebenza kuphela kuba yakhe ubudlelwane oku Urhulumente kwaye, ngokulondolozayo, ngayo nayiphi na kwezi States, Ijamani, ukuthatha ukusebenza kuphela kuba ubudlelwane phakathi phakathi ukuba omnye Urhulumente ne-Germany. Ukuba treaty kwaye denounced ayikho indawo nge-yokusasaza ngeenjongo zokurhweba treaty, oorhulumente obandakanyekayo kuba ekunene, kwi indawo ephelela kuyo le ixesha isaziso, atyumbe umntu ikhomishini ka-ezintlanu amalungu ngenjongo winding phezulu afanelwe eyenziweyo ezifana kuba sele. Amalungu ekhomishini mayithathwe abameli a non-diplomatic uphawu kwaye liquidate zonke eyenziweyo kwi-umhla zingaphelanga iinyanga ezintandathu emva kokuphela kwethuba oku treaty. Imizamo treaty uya kuba ratified Ezikhethekileyo ngemali ka-ukwamkelwa uya kuba exchanged phakathi kwe-Germany kwesinye isandla, kwaye nganye States allied kunye RSFSR kwesinye isandla. Kwakamsinyane njengoko exchange kwenzelwa, treaty uza kungena umkhosi phakathi States ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwi-exchange.